| death of the author, hooray! | |
| Reflections | A question-answer(hedging) interview. Discussed is the novel, its development, and the author but not really. It's good. I like it. |
| Refractions | A short essay about The Teaching Emotion relating my experience of reading it over a year after its printing, prolly more interesting if you, too, have read the book or at least a good portion of it. In fact, I would like to make this required reading for those who have read the novel. A response paper of no less than 500 words must be in my in-box by Monday at 4 o'clock. |
| POD | A combination of discussion of print-on-demand self-publication and an interview I did for an e-book that to my knowledge was never produced. Shady stuff. There is no real TTE content, just information and advice on self-publishing (both in print and online) and on writing in general. |
| Interview Zwei | This links to an off-site interview conducted by Kevin Kautzman at Cassiel Alpha. Good times. |
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My friend Jen Anderson conducted this interview in March 2003 for an article she wrote for a magazine-writing class. Apparently her instructor sucked, and Jen ended up dumbing down the assignment so the teach could understand it and not allow personal (passé) conviction concerning creative production cloud her grading judgment. She insisted I could not have possibly written the book without experiencing the events within it and asked Jen whether I'm "stable." Nice. It's called fiction. Evolve or die already.
Given the difficult circumstances under which the assignment was written, I will share the email interview instead of the article itself. I integrated the follow-up questions with the original ones and did other minor revisions and rearrangements for continuity. For those who haven't read or finished The Teaching Emotion, know that nothing significant is "given away" but that I do discuss "themes" and crap, so beware if you want an unmediated experience.
So what is the reason? I'm guessing you asked "why the brutality" based on my remark that "deepsicks is the expression of the brutally honest and the honest expression of the brutal." I didn't mean that as a blanket statement—deepsicks is that, but it is more than that—and I also meant "brutality" figuratively, as intense tension, the realization of harsh realities about one's self and environment. In TTE, this was expressed and explored through violence, and it wears many masks. Yes, there's physical and sexual violence, but just as deep and damaging is the characters' inability to make choices, their loss and miscommunication of identity, and their inability to process and express emotion because they don't know what the hell they're feeling, and if they did, they would resist it. This sort of brutality is imposed by characters onto one another but also onto their personal selves. Why do they do this? Good question—why do people deny and defy their best interests, hate and hurt themselves, and abuse the ones they supposedly love? I used the language of brutality because it's powerful and dangerous, and I did dangerous things with it, some of which I now feel I didn't handle as well as I could and should have. Is all my writing overtly violent? Absolutely not. Does it challenge the mundane and all the moreso, the typical, sensationalistically "violent?" Is it provocative and brutal in the sense that it's "real" and you don't want to believe it, to relate to it and see it in your own life and in the world? I certainly try.
As an aside, the piece I mentioned is a great example of deepsicks—very honest writing that could easily be perceived as insensitive or needlessly crass, though I don't intend it that way at all. (Read "What to Wear When Last Seen.")
I often questioned while writing it, is any of this worth it? I "sacrificed" watching TV. Hanging out. Other teenage/early-20s activities, though I'm by no means a recluse—perhaps socially awkward (heh) but not anti-social. But seriously, what did I lose? Not knowing what I'm capable of? and not just "Oo, that's a good sentence," but to have the perseverance and desire to work steadily for nearly seven years, to have the confidence to publish it myself and to try to push it out there, and to risk "misinterpretation" and confusing the hell out of the ones I care about? It was and is difficult without doubt, but I'd do it again, repeatedly. I sacrificed apathy, a flat-line life of being dishonest with myself and how I make sense of the world around me.
The plot and even the writing itself is emotionally, physically, and sexually violent. Readers who know me and are used to projecting interpretation back towards an author are going to have a hard time with it. When I know this will be their impression, it makes me uneasy to know they're reading it. It's not like someone reading my deep, dark, dirty-thought diary, it's someone reading my book and thinking it's my diary—a reverse violation, an assumption of untrue things. It's a tricky topic, especially when the idea of a book as a reflection of a writer's innermost secrets, thoughts, desires, and past and personal life is crammed in people all through elementary, middle, high, and even higher education. I just don't think that way—not about other writers and not about myself, I can say myself, yeah, this scene in my novel was partially inspired by such and such, and oh, I like these bands, and the character Lotte likes these bands, too, because hey—that's what I know, that's my experience, and I can write about it intelligently and meaningfully. But there's so much more to interpretation than "The book means whatever the author wants it to mean, and boy, she must have had an f'd up childhood." Letting a reader decide what something means isn't a copout—giving an author a monopoly on meaning is the copout, and so is assuming that the author knows what the hell she's doing and where it all comes from. Yes, in addition to pure imagination, I occasionally put pieces of myself and of everything around me into all of the characters and situations... but I change this information, too. Not to "protect" myself or others; I do it because it's either not interesting, or it's already meaningful. I know this story, this... lifestory. I want to know other stories. I want to tell other stories. The only appropriate response to the sidelong, nervous question, "So... you're Lotte, right?" is "What makes you think I'm not the fiend?" C'mon. Really. I'm a total idiot: I eat food off the ground and hum circus music, cry at stupid movies and pretend I can break dance (I can't. At all). And people who know me love me for it, at least tolerate my company. TTE has the potential to put a heavy, dark edge onto my interaction with others, and I don't want to tell people how to interpret art, much less my own—they can believe what they want—I just wish it didn't create barriers between me and those close. Or make me untouchable, put me on a pedestal. It's estranging. But sharing my work has also strengthened several friendships and forged ones new, so... yeah. Regarding strong reactions, yes, it does feel good when people respond strongly to it. The most meaningful compliments received involve readers expressing the actual reading experience—how they didn't know a book was capable of making them feel so intensely. I include a slip of paper with each book facetiously encouraging readers to throw the book against hard surfaces, and several admit that they do—deepsix it hard, and that they plow through hundreds of pages a day but then take a week-long break because they just can't take it anymore. And yeah, that makes me feel good in maybe a sick sorta way. As mentioned, after I rewrote scenes repeatedly, the impact was often lost on me, and even once stepping back, getting distance to read it fresh and critically, the disgust I felt was still familiar. I did not anticipate the reaction of TTE neophytes. First they have to learn how to read how I write, and second, how to make sense of the severity of the content. TTE demands from its readers a mental and emotional investment, even if it's concentrating on remaining detached (which I don't think is possible), and this interaction between the text and reader... yeah. Creates a helluva strong reaction. The best reaction, though, is and will always be those who take what I've done and create something else. To know I inspire others—be it the words themselves, or just the fact that I did it, that it can be done, and that they can do it, too—is a tremendous and invigorating feeling, a circuit of motivation. Even if TTE is "old" to me already in it's only one year of publication, to those who just pick it up, it's right now and intense first-time, and that enthusiasm kicks back to me, pushing me... do more. And that's great. That's wonderful. |
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So often I avoid the book subject with people. When people ask me what it's about, I'm at a loss, and never do I bring it up with mingle-mingle strangers, "Hey, check me out, I wrote a book!" Even now, many people who know me (co-workers, old classmates, casual friends, and extended family) don't even know it exists. I felt and still feel nervous about it if not extremely uncomfortable, but reading through it... it wasn't that bad, both as a read and content-wise. It's definitely still extreme and "backwards" if I may—specifically with the power/control dysfunctionalities and especially the seeming complicity of the victims, which I've felt ugly about, and guilty, as though I'd personally condone it—but I think I pulled it off... made it believable and believably understandable, and I forgive myself for what I didn't handle as well I could and should have, as mentioned in the interview (question #16). This would have involved edging off the complicity—making Lotte more of a badass, more defiant than she already was, but it was this very complicity, the co-dependency (and not just between Lotte and the fiend, but also with Gabe and Roy and their relationships to Lotte and the fiend) that made the tension what it was. It freaked the hell out of me, scared me so much because I didn't want the plot to come off as a defense for or romanticization of abusive relationships—I didn't want to defend or romanticize that, because I sure as hell don't. I didn't want to be caught in the cultural trap of writing the same old stupid bullshit story of Stand By Your Man, of people wanting to be in such positions and taking pleasure in and from them, or thinking situations and relationships could work no other way (and that they absolutely have to work). ...But I don't think the narrative does that. It explores, not explains. Describes, not defends. But it's more than a representation, it's an interrogation, and when it falls short, it's because that sort of behavior—a reality very real for some—is itself inexplicable. I'm not talking about sado-masochism with this pleasure-pain-frustration—that's a vaguely related aspect to the novel, but not a real issue. I'm talking about victim and abuser psychologies and the deep-rooted, severe dilemma of domestic and relationship abuse—how it's perpetuated, justified, ignored, and ultimately thought of as a "choice" for the participants. Why doesn't the victim just leave? Why doesn't the abuser just quit? I want to stand behind these statements 'cause I know I think and say them—they're knee-jerk, rational solutions. ...But applied to intricate, irrational problems? It doesn't work. To explore this was interesting, sure, but also terrifying, draining, and complicated. Despite the elements of the unreal, I wanted the development, disconnection, head-on engagement, and eventual downward spiral of characters and their interactions to be as real as possible—not what could or should happen were it really going on, but what would happen: How sane, strong, and unwavering perspectives would shift and fall apart. How personalities once identified with would prove readers wrong, even betray, but in such a way that the audience couldn't aptly or rightfully judge. And that wasn't easy. I faulted myself for years—and especially in the those thirteen months between printing and revisiting—that I didn't allow the characters to lie or tell the truth to one another and themselves, to "just leave" or "just quit," to do or not do all the horrible shit they did. But I feel better about it now. No more guilt for the bad things I did to the children inside my head, the things I made them do to each other, and the things they did on their own—no more anxiety for how those looking in might perceive it. I'm still not comfortable with it. It's just as hard to read as it was to let it go, I know this, but I also know... it does things, it changes who it touches, and I am proud of it as it is and for what it is. Do I still want to change it? Absolutely. But I tried that, I tried to redirect several times I tried to rearrange soften kill write out calm down all the dangerous, scary parts, but they always came out the same. ...And they make the teaching emotion what it is. Realizing this now, and accepting and even warming in this awakening, I don't let the overall impression and reaction of gutty get-away get to me. The novel still and will always deepsicken, but I can look at it without feeling strange about it. I can regard it without shame and even without confusion. Well. Sort of. I still feel the contradictory feelings the novel itself provokes. But the experience of "reading as a reader" was positive and I feel positive about it. I resisted. I returned. And now I myself am redirected. I understand better just what the hell happened and the importance of... looking back. Pausing awhile. Allowing the memory of imagination, a hidden unself to speak, and listening without judgment. |
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Discussing music when I'm really talking about writing... again.
If you've made it this far into deepsicks, methinks and hopes you've gleaned that my novel The Teaching Emotion was self-published and more often than not gets sold from the trunk of my car. How did this happen, why, and what does it mean? When introducing fellow writer and friend Kevin Kautzman to POD self-publishing (which I'll explain shortly), he brought up an interesting point. Everybody knows musicians—especially when you're in your late teens and early twenties and your life revolves around music. A friend's in a band, you know the dj, that one guy knows that one girl who produces and promotes. Among these people, at least one and probably several have put out recordings, even if only at-home rock-outs they ripped as mp3s or burned as CDs to give away or sell. Why? Because they can. Technology allows it, people care, and it feels good—musicians generate interest, get feedback, can more easily book shows, enter the ears of a wider audience, and have something to share and show for all their energy and creativity. So yay for technology! Yay for mp3s and file-sharing programs and CD-Rs and live-streaming. Yay for high-speed internet and the internet, period. Music has always been cool, but now it's extra cool, because instead of locking into payola and empty-V, now we—fans and musicians alike—have a medium by which to be exposed to whatever we want and to easily share with others the music we make ourselves. This latter isn't effortless. It takes hard work, just like it always has. But it can be done, people are doing it, fans are responding, and it's revolutionizing the industry. I love music. I even like to pretend I'm a musician. ...But what about us writers? Where do we come in? Can we come in, and are we already here but people just don't realize it? Sure, the general public knows there's plenty of websites chock full of bad poetry and shamefulless fan fiction. Even ebooks aren't particularly "new" or unknown… but neither are they particularly popular. I might sample them, sure, and with mp3s, I consume a lot, but I want to physically hold a book, turn the pages, scrawl in the margins, and underline neat sentences. Even with music, I want to hold in my hands the albums of the bands I respect and admire—I want to pore over liner notes and read who they thank and stack it with the rest of my CDs like the good commodity fetishist I am. But unlike musicians, authors aren't people you know, they're just sorta out there—at least the published kind, defined however you want to assign meaning. Contrary to popular belief, however, making a "real" book a reality with the current technology is easy—as with producing new-tech music, it isn't effortless but is definitely doable when backed by desire. Making oneself successful with self-publishing is another story, but again, that depends on how you define success.
I started The Teaching Emotion when I was fourteen and finished the final draft when I was twenty-one, in the spring of 2002. When I was seventeen, done for the "first" time, I looked half-heartedly into traditional publishing. Trad publishing is what you think of when you hear "author" and see a "book." Writers or their agents submit manuscripts to editors who either reject them or accept and publish them then pay the author a one-time "thanks for all the rights to your work, bye" amount or a continuing royalty based on sales. I was not confident with submitting to trad houses or even agents—I had no reason to be confident, and I'm glad that I wasn't, because the novel was no where near ready. As excited as I was, I knew this, and instead distributed the book on disk to a few friends and internet strangers, and boy-who-haw, that internet-thing was crazy in 1998, I-tell-you-what—though sure, it'd been around awhile, it was mostly new to me, and while its applications were known and in place, the public was just waking up to its possibilities and actually utilizing them. At this time I also looked into traditional self-publishing, a process by which an author covers all publication costs to have a book printed in a predetermined print run. In addition to paying for it yourself, the huge difference between this and trad pubbing is you sell the books yourself and keep all your profits, and, of course, don't have to deal with rejection because you're doing it yourself. Sounds good, right? Yeah, if you know how and where to sell them, how to establish partnerships with distributors and bookstores, and have the money to do it—to print, ship, and advertise your product, and to store all these books in some place preferably not your basement. It's feasible. When you have money. And some sense of business because you are, effectively, an entrepreneur. I was seventeen. I didn't have $8,000, which was one quote. I didn't even have $2,500, which was another, and neither did my parents, and I sure as hell wasn't going to ask them, "Hey, ya wanna pay to print my screwed up book? And oh yeah—I wrote a book." So I went back to work. At the time I knew I would've liked to see TTE published, but I didn't focus on that; I wrote and rewrote it because I enjoyed and was obsessed with the process. It was something I did for me—not for money, fame, or at the thought of eventually holding it in book form. I had no idea that the self-publishing industry would evolve in these years, and it's peculiar that it did—as soon as the technology was readily available, I, too was ready. I first heard of print-on-demand in 1999, even 1998, but it wasn't geared towards individual authors, it was just something cool being implemented at already established commercial printers. With POD, instead of dealing with the tedious traditional printing process, you simply make a .pdf and print it. Bam. Done. No films, no plates, no proofs. And with trad printing, you have a print run. Maybe it's 500. Maybe it's five million. If you're self-publishing, it's gonna be closer to 500, and your print spoilage (the sometimes hundreds of sheets for each plate you print that look terrible until the printer is running at full and accurate capacity) is going to be more than how many you're actually (thinking you're) paying for. That's expensive and wasteful. With POD, you print one. At. A. Time. Or maybe five. Or fifty. Or five hundred. Or two or twelve or eight. Nothing's wasted, and there's no stacks of plates in a warehouse eating up overhead—there's a coupla megs sitting on a hard drive somewhere, just waiting to be sent for printing again. In addition, a mid- or lowlist author with a trad publisher is always at risk for "going out of print" simply because trads will only print so many, and if the book doesn't consistently sell, they won't reprint a depleted supply. It's all about the bank to the trads, and it's not worth it to and for them to dig up the plates (if they haven't chucked them), put up with and throw away ridiculous amounts of spoilage, then store however many they end up printing just to satisfy an obscure market they feel they could feed a substitute within the same genre that has a flashier cover and a bigger name. With POD, however, you "stay in print forever" because there is no spoilage or overhead of films, plates, or books—just a .pdf. This is the part where you say, "Wow, the industry sucks! But POD sounds awesome!" Because it does and it is, and any indie rock-n-roll do-it-yourselfer can do it for nearly nothing. Do you have $99? Shut up, yes you do, and I knew, as a freshman at university, that this is what I'd be doing—self-publishing with print-on-demand, wherein I would design my own cover and interior layout as .pdf files, upload them over the internet, and have them PODed. It took me two more years to get there, and in the meantime the technology improved and the cost decreased. As with trad self-publishing, an author does pay for this service, and most PODs are set up so that an author pays an initial fee then receives a royalty based on sales of books that have a minimum cost to the consumer to cover production costs. With trad self-publishing, since you've already paid for everything, you can sell the books for whatever you want and don't have to deal with the royalty nonsense (and it is kinda nonsense, though it keeps the initial fee of POD low). I got in on the deal late enough to take advantage of higher quality materials and expanded creative control, but not early enough to get it so cheap as $99—I paid $299 then an additional $99 because I screwed something up and the money didn't mean as much to me as presenting the novel as professionally as possible. Four hundred dollars is spendy, especially for a college student. But compared to several thousand?—it's phenomenal, and now it's ridiculously cheap. Several POD services are floating around out there, all with pros, cons, and varying reputations (just ask Google!). Yeah, there's a set-up fee, and yeah, there's a helluva stigma—I freely admit, it's vanity publishing, but I don't care. It's DIY or it doesn't get done. Interestingly enough, the self-pubber of a novel is often scorned while in the music or film industry, indies are applauded for their efforts or at least considered promising until proven they suck. And yes, when everyone and their grandma can publish a book, there's going to be a lot of poorly written and sloppily designed grandma books clogging the market and giving the whole an unfavorable rap. But there's a lot of poorly written, sloppily designed, traditionally published crap on the market, too. Means of production is not an indication of the quality of writing for either methods. So. The technology is there. But why did I self-publish and let my distribution and marketing suffer? For one thing, I had no other published work beyond the highly embarrassing tripe I submitted to crank poetry anthologies and youth zines when I was sixteen. Few in the trad publishing industry will give first-time authors consideration, especially those (like me) without any legitimate publishing credits. I also wanted complete creative control, to retain all my rights, and to get an audience already. Turnaround time for standard book queries, submissions, and, if you're lucky, actual publication is anywhere from six months to over two years. The POD process takes about one to three months. Furthermore, TTE doesn't have a well-defined market. In addition to shopping for an appropriate POD, I did examine the submission wants and guidelines of several trads (mostly independent, small presses) but was discouraged because of my inability to put my book into a specific genre—even such qualities as "experimental" and "unconventional" didn't adequately describe it given the other works published by these presses. Looking for a publisher is intimidating, it truly is, and it creates alienation of both the inferiority and superiority varieties. I have tremendous respect for small, independent, and nonprofit trads, but nothing clicked. Since POD authors retain all their rights (at least they should—the terms vary), they are free to submit their books to and accept offers from trads, to which I'm not averse. For all their negative aspects, they do have things I don't, namely time, money, and connections. So is this about "selling out," you ask? Yes, yes it is. I currently have a high royalty, considering the industry standard, but I don't actually see that money, at least I won't for awhile—because the cost of production is so high, I discount the books when I sell them myself to make up for the difference (my 533-page book retails at $19, and since it's not available in physical bookstores, add six bucks to that for [yes, overpriced] shipping and handling). I don't anticipate making a lot of money, if any money at all—but that's not what's important to me. I just want to get my work out there, and that's what a publisher would do (generate reviews that matter, get the book in brick-and-mortars, etc.). I would thus reach a wider audience and yeah, make money because of it; but more importantly, with marketing and promotion out of the way, I'd be able to concentrate on more important things—like writing. While I would someday like to be published with a trad for all these reasons, self-publication has worked and still works for me; I can share my work with friends, family, and interested readers in a professional medium, "real books" which I can sell or give away directly to my audience with whom I can communicate one-on-one. Yeah, I still have a lot of books laying around. I wish I'd had the time and money to market it more aggressively at the outset but I was in school full-time and working as much as I could which was still just barely enough to pay rent and occasionally eat. …And these are also excuses—I know I'm a terrible self-promoter, which is unfortunate and crushing, and after over a year since its printing, I feel as though I should work on other projects instead of promoting TTE or the overwhelming thought of going through it again for prime-polishing were I to submit it to trads. I do sell books now and then, and the excitement of doing so never gets old, and nor does networking and hell, just plain hanging out with other creative, driven individuals who appreciate my work and reciprocate by sharing their own. Even if it's just ideas. Enthusiasm. Life-lustism. I wasn't gonna say this because it's… small. Obvious. But it's true: Seeing your book in print is an incredible feeling. It's a representation of hard work, of time, of mental and emotional investment—and it's only a representation. It's only a "thing." You of all people know "you did it," how difficult it was, what it meant to push yourself for however long it took, both actually working on the piece and thinking about it constantly, distracted and intrigued and taken in by everything that comes from no where and everywhere all at once. But still. Holding a copy of your own book in your own hands is really freakin' cool. You shake a bit, and cry, and it's neat and worth it a thousand times over.
I did an interview for someone who claimed she was compiling self-published author interviews for an ebook on self-publishing which she would either sell or give away (it was rather indistinct, the whole thing, and just… weird). I agreed to do it because hey, it was free promotion for me, TTE, and deepsicks. I sent her my responses and never heard from her again. Wonderful. I don't think the book ever happened because one of the stipulations was that I would offer a d6 link to the ebook (or information on how to order it), which I wasn't keen about 'cause I got the impression it was gonna be a scam… which in many ways, POD self-publishing is. I know I just praised it inside and out, but there's a darkside, too. It comes down to semantics and getting screwed. You're an author, but you're also a customer. You've written a book, and you've created a product. You have readers who are also consumers and your market. With POD, you intend to get published, but what you're really doing is getting printed, and these companies don't make money from the books they sell to readers, they survive/thrive on set-up fees and the books they sell to you. Lastly, you are probably an intelligent person, but you're also excited as all get out about holding your own book in your own hands for the mind-blowing experience described above and will do anything to get it now now now. Below are a few of the questions and my responses to the never-happened interview; the ones I've excluded contain info I've already covered. No need for reiteration again redundancy. The following focus on internet promotion, online self-publication, and print/POD self-publication advice. Enjoy.
With online self-publishing at www.deepsicks.com, the first 118 pages I offer of my novel give readers an in-depth idea of what they're getting and getting into. What good is a few sample paragraphs, pages, or even a chapter as so often given through online sites? The free five chapters give credit both to the audience and the novel—readers are able to make informed decisions, and the work is allowed to speak for itself. I also share essays of literary nonfiction simply because these are things I write anyway, and if people are interested (and given the positive feedback I receive, apparently they are), why not? Either that, or it rots on my hard drive.
So how is the internet helping me at all?—by having my website there for people who actually are interested. All the necessary information (and a whole lot of thoughtful distraction) is there, ready to go, for anyone with internet access. There's no way this would be possible for me with conventional print promotion—with an online presence, my potential distribution is enormous and relatively cheap.
For those interested in online publishing through a personal website, your options with hosting services depend on your ability to stomach advertisements. I don't do so well with that. If you do use a free web-hosting service with ads such as geocities or angelfire, most of them have built-in, online webpage/html editors for beginners—people with basic computer knowledge can usually figure them out. Deepsicks is created with a freeware html editor and knowledge I gleaned from the web—it's fairly basic but serviceable, as are free sites, for what I and other authors want to do, which is to showcase writing (and not complex flash plug-ins and wild-crazy graphics). Lastly, before you publish anything, edit and revise. It's obvious, I know, but it needs to be said. It's hard to take writing with sloppy mechanics seriously, even on the internet. If you self-publish into print without thoroughly editing, these mistakes cost money to correct and are held against you personally as an author and against POD as a whole industry, forever "second-rate" to polished, traditionally-published books. My novel has some typos, and I feel like a total dumbass. Rawness isn't "cute" or "refreshing," it's unprofessional, and if you submit work to a conventional publisher with incorrect usage, jes ferget about it, okay? It'll hit the trash, fast. On a softer revision note… make sure you're saying what you want to say, and that the work is doing what it needs to do. Typographical errors and inconsistent plot elements are one thing—knowing whether or not a manuscript is "ready" is another and difficult to determine. Yes, it's your precious, but get suggestions and critiques from objective readers and other writers. Give your stories and writing time—get it all out then distance yourself from the work. When you eventually return, your own perspective will be more objective, and the little glitches—the differences between decent work and brilliant work—will be more apparent, and you'll be more willing to radically change them. Quick access to making things happen—that is, the ability to throw writing on a webpage within minutes or to self-publish in a couple months—makes it tempting to do it simply because you can and to rush the process, producing as finished what's only half-formed. Take your time, especially when going into print. You do not want to regret your final product financially, and worse, you don't want to misrepresent to readers what you're capable of doing by giving them work you wish you could change.
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